Alternative performance measures and definitions

Alternative performance measures are used to describe the development of operations and to increase comparability between periods. These are not defined under IFRS but correspond to the methods applied by executive management and the Board of Directors to measure the company’s financial performance. Alternative performance measures should not be viewed as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with IFRS but rather as a complement.

The difference between segment reporting and reporting according to IFRS is described in more detail in note 1 and note 4. The difference primarily consists of differences in accounting principles for our own housing development projects where revenue and profit are recognized over time in segment reporting and at one point in time, when homebuyers take over their homes, in reporting according to IFRS. In segment reporting leasing fees for the lessee are recognized linearly over the leasing period for leases that are classified by the counterparty (the lessor) as operational leases. IFRS 16 Leases is applied in Group reporting according to IFRS, which entails that lessees recognize depreciation and interest attributable to leasing assets and liabilities. As a result the difference between segment reporting and reporting according to IFRS even affects the items on the balance sheet, including net debt. Nonetheless, in the key ratios below the method of calculation is the same for both segment reporting and reporting according to IFRS. For more information and calculations, see Peab’s website www.peab.com/alternative-​keyratios.

 

Available liquidity

Liquid funds and short-term investments along with unutilized credit facilities. Shows the Group’s available liquidity.

Capital employed for the business areas

Total assets in the business area at the end of the year reduced by deferred tax recoverables and internal receivables from the internal bank Peab Finans with deductions for non-interest-bearing liabilities and deferred tax liabilities. The measurement is used to measure capital utilization and its effectiveness for the business areas, and is only presented as a net amount per business area.

Capital employed for the Group

Total assets at the end of the year less non-interest-bearing operating liabilities and provisions. The measurement is used to measure capital utilization and its effectiveness.

Cash flow per share

Cash flow per share calculated as the total of the cash flow from current operations and cash flow from investment activities divided by the average number of outstanding shares during the year. Shows which cash flow before financing was generated per share.

Direct return, shares

Dividend as a percentage of the share price at year-end. Measures the direct return of the proposed dividend in relation to the price at year-end.

Earnings per share

Profit for the period attributable to shareholders in parent company divided by the average number of outstanding shares during the period. Shows earnings per share.

Equity/assets ratio

Equity as a percentage of total assets at the end of the year. Shows financial position.

Equity per share

Equity attributable to shareholders in parent company divided by the number of outstanding shares at the end of the period. Shows equity per share.

Interest coverage ratio

Pre-tax profit items plus interest expenses in relation to interest expenses. The measurement shows how well the interest costs can be covered.

Net debt

Interest-bearing liabilities including provisions for pensions less liquid funds and interest-bearing assets. Shows financial position.

Net debt, segment reporting

Interest-bearing liabilities including provisions for pensions less liquid funds and interest-bearing assets. As of January 1, 2019 unsold part of ongoing own housing development projects is included in net debt. Shows financial position for segment.

 

Net debt/equity ratio

Interest-bearing net debt in relation to equity. Shows financial position.

Net investments

The change in the period of the recognized value of current assets (CB-OB) plus depreciation and write-downs. Shows the size of net investments made.

Operating margin

Operating profit as a percentage of net sales. Shows profitability in the business.

Operative cash flow

Cash flow before financing according to segment reporting. The cash flow does not include received internal Group interest, paid interest and paid tax that is not allocated to the business areas but only reported for the Group. Investments via leasing charge cash flow from investment operations in the business areas. Operative cash flow is only calculated for the business areas. Shows the cash flow generated per business area.

Order backlog

The value at the end of the period of the remaining income in ongoing production plus orders received yet to be produced. Order backlog is based on segment reporting. Shows how much will be produced in the future.

Orders received

The sum of orders received during the period. Measures how new orders replace produced work. Regarding our own housing development projects, tenant-owner associations and housing companies are considered external customers.

P/E ratio

Share price at year-end divided by earnings per share. Shows market expectations on the company related to earnings generation.

Return on capital employed

Pre-tax profit for the rolling 12 month period with the addition of financial expenses in percent of the average (last four quarters) capital employed. The measurement is used to measure capital efficiency and to allocate capital for new investments and shows the Group’s earning capacity independent of financing.

Return on equity

Profit for the rolling 12 month period attributable to shareholders in the parent company divided by the average (last four quarters) equity attributable to shareholders in the parent company. The measurement is used to create efficient business and a rational capital structure and show how the Group has multiplied shareholders’ equity.